�й��>> �ٶ� >> ��Ѷ >> ��

��һ��Ի��ͯ��ѧ��

//m.zimplifyit.com 2013��05��30��10:04 ��Դ��

�� ��

��ں�

��һ��

��δ��

��ں� (1975��~ ) ȫ��ľ�񡤺ںף��У��ɹ��塣��г�ƪС˵��桷��⵺ӡ��С˵��Ʒ��ϰ��ֵܡ��̨�壩��ط��ԭ��ȡ��õ��߽�͵ڰ˽�ȫ��ͯ��ѧ��

��A

��Ӧ��Ƕ��ѧ��

��ߣ��Ʒϵ�У��ƪС˵��ڹ��ŵ��ж�ƪС˵��ǹȵĺ��ӡ��Լ�һ��ɹ��Ȯ��ɢ��ͼ��ߵ�Ѫ��ɹ��Ȯ��

�� ںף��ڹ��ŵ��ҵ�һ��ͷ�ɹ��Ȯ�Ĺ��¡��Ǻ��ױ��ԭ�ʹ��˰��ֵأ��й��Ļ��Ļ�� ǹȵĺ��ӡ��˽��ڴ��7ƪ�ж�ƪС˵��ߵ�Ѫ��ɹ��Ȯ��˵��һ��꾡��й��ɹ��Ȯ�İٿ�ȫ�飬�漰��Ȯ�ֵ��Դ��ʷ�� Ļ��ге��ض��ɫ��е�ͼƬ��Ҵ�20��ʮ��ͼƬ�о�ѡ��ġ�

��ߣ��Ķ�ͯ��ѧ��˵��һ��ģ�

��ںף��ó��һ��⣬��Ӧ��Ƕ��ѧ��ң�Ȼ��Ƕ�ͯ��ѧ��ҡ��ҵĺܶ��ڹ��ⶼ�Ǳ��鼮��ġ��й��ҵ��Ʒ��Ӵ��һЩ��Ժ��׵ؾͰ��ҵĶ��ѧ��ͯ��ѧ�ķ��롣

��ߣ��ǣ��Ķ��ѧ�õ��ǵ�׷��ȴ��ӹ��ɵġ�Ҳ��ĳЩ��Ժ��ӵģ�Ҳ��˵��Ҳ�ᱻ��Ķ��

�� ںף��ҵĵ�һ��ƪС˵��桷��ǹ��ڲ��ġ��Ǹ�ʱ��û�м��֪��ʲô��Ǳ��ֻ�Ǵ��Ʒ֮��һ��֮��ȴĪ�� ؾ��롰��ȡ��С��ⱾС˵֮��ҿ�ʼ��ϵͳ��С˵��Ҵ��ʱû��̫�࣬Ҳû�п��⿼�ǹ��߻��˵��ͯ�ĸо��ֻ�Ǵ��ϣ�� Ʒ��

��ֻ�й��µ�С�ڹ�

��B

��ߣ��Ĵ��ܹ��Щ��Ʒ��Ӱ�죿

��ںף�Ӱ��ҵ��ж��˹��ʲ�ģ��˹˹̹��ռ�˹��з򣬼��ô�Ķ��ѧ֮��ŷ��٣��֮��Ӱ��ҵ��кܶࡣ

��ߣ��Զ��д��ǳ��񣬻��Ĺ۲죿

��ںף�С˵��˵��鹹��ȴ��Ҫ��ز��ġ��ҵĽ��ڹ��ŵ��ܶ�о��Ժ��ױ��ԭ�°Ͷ��һ��

�� Ǵ��ȥ��̽��һλ��ѡ��Ӫ��֮�󣬼�ͷ��ձ��ǰɹ̫��ľ�˶��ɫ��Ȯֻ��Եطͽм��Ϊ��˱��š��һ��߽�ձ��ʱ�� ͻȻ��ձ��ĺ��һ��СС�ĺ�Ӱ��˹��ǲ��һֻ���ĸ��´��С��ɫ��צ��һ��װߡ��ʱ��Ҹ��û�а��ֻС�� £��ȳ�һ��Ϊ��ʶ��ض㿪��ÿ��Ҷ��ݵأ�Ϊ��Ѽ�һЩ��Ȯ��ϣ��ʱҪ�߱��ɹŰ��ʶ��͵��Ȯ��Ὣ ��С����û�ж㿪��˼��¸ҵ��ҧ��Ұ��ٵ�һ��߹�ȥ��ҵĵ�ɽЬ��ϸС��׶�Ӱ�ĳݺۡ�Ӫ�� һ��ӹ��Ű��俪��ȥ��С��ؿ�ס��Ȼ�Թ��ӵĻ��޶��ԣ�û��һ��˼��˳��һ�� ӡ��ļ��޳��ȥ��С��Բ��ֻ��ڱ��ӳ鵽��ʱ��۾��Ȼ��ض��ҡ��ļ��ˣ��ݺݵ��С��š�� ѥ��С��߱��Ϸ��ƵĶ��졣��С��߶�û�к�һ��ֻ�Ƿ��׺ݵ��Ȼû��ܿ��һͷ��С��Ҳ��ɵö��ͷ С��⡣��˳�С��ע��ʱ��Ž��ס��Ҳ��ձ��

��ֻС��˴�ӦҪ�͸��һ�𿪳�ȥ��ѡ��һͷ ��ֱײ��С�ޣ��Ȼ��ô��Ĺ�Ӧ��ӵ�еġ��ֵ��˺��Ķ��ձ�ӽ��ֻС��ס�˵��ѹ�ڵ��ϣ��˾�ţ��֮�� ͷҰ��һ��С��Ĳ��Ͽ��ӡ��ʹ��ˣ��Ȼ��ÿһ��ʱ׼��ڰ��Լ��ڵ��˵��˺ҧһ�ڡ�С�� ˩�ں����ǹ��ϳ��ŵ��һ��ҾͶԺ��˩�ŵ��һͷС��ʵ��˻��ɡ��С��һֻӵ�л�е��С�� 顣

��ڹ��ŵ��д��ɴ˶��

��չʾ�Ѿ��

��C

��ߣ��㹲��˶��Ʒ��㴴��Ĺ��У��˼��׶Σ��˵��Ʒ��Щ�仯��

�� ںף��м�ʮ��˰ɡ��֮��Ӧ��˵��ͣ��й��ͳ��С˵��ֹ��ע�ش��ԵĲ�Ρ��ڶ��׶Σ��ʼ��ӿ�ѧ�Ժ�ϸ�ڣ��ʱ��Ʒ�ӽ�� Ȼ��ѧ��Ŀǰ�ǵ��׶Ρ��ҳ��ں��ױ��ԭ��˰��ɭ�ֵ��ҶԱ��ĵ��Ǩ��Ļ��Ϯ��ʽ��Ⱥ��ʶ�� µ��ʶ��Ʒ��Ҫ��ɹ��塢��¿��塢��״��׼�Ұ��Ȼ��Ϊ��ͨ��С˵��ʽ�ع��弴��ŵĹ��Ļ�� ¿��ѱ¹�Ļ��ɹ��Ļ��Ҿ��Щ��ŵ�ΰ��Ĵ�ͳ��ͼ��¼�Ǽ��ʧ��һ�У��Լ��Ʒ�ܹ�չʾ��ָ��Ķ� ��

��ߣ��Ե��ͯ��ͳɳ��ʲô��뷨��Ʒ�д��Щ��ͯ��ɳ��⣿

��ںף�Ŀ ǰ�Ľ��Ϊ��еĺ��ӽ��һ��޴��ѭ��֮�У��Ӧ�Խ��ı��£��Ǽ��һЩ��û�дﵽ�Ǹ��֪�̶ȵĺ��ȥѧϰ��ǵ��û�� ܵ�֪ʶ��ϵ��⣬�ͽ��ǿ�й��䡣��ʵ��Ҳ��ɳ��ģ��Һ��Щ֪ʶ��ʱ��Ҳѧ��ᣬ��һ��䣬��Ȼ��ˡ�Ҳ�� ˵��й��Ķ�ͯ��ѧϰ�˽��ض��֪ʶ��̫��ʱ��˷��棬ʧȥ�˶�ͯ��Ҫ��һ��ʱ�⡣��Ŀǰ��ı��֮�£��Ƕ�� 䡣

��ֻ��Ŭ��Լ��Ʒ��չʾ��һ��磬��δ��𻵣�һֱ����Ĵ��ڴ��ĳ��õ����ɡ�ƽ�ȡ��¸ҡ��Ͱ��Ѿ��ڽ��ǵ��а�ʽ�Ĵ��

��ߣ��Ƽ��飬��Ϊ��˵һ˵�Ķ��ķ��

��ںף��˹��ұȳ��ġ��һǹ��ɵġ��ܡ��ɺܼ򵥣��ϲ��

��Ƕ��Ҳ��ò�ϲ��ô�Ͳ�Ҫ��

��¸�

��Ӻ��ӵ��ο�ʼ

��¸ۣ�1957��~ �� һ��͵ڶ��ȫ��ͯ��ѧ��Ʒ��Ļ�ĻԻ͡��ҧ�˵��졷��Ĺ��¡��ȱ��鵽��⡣��ͯ��ѧ��Ʒ��90��

��Ҫ��ִ��Ż�ɳ�

��A

��ߣ��ǵ��ȫ��Ӱ��Ķ�ͯ��ѧ��ң��ʱ�κ��30�꣬һֱ��ĳ��ʱ��С��Ե��ͯ��ͳɳ��ʲô��뷨��

��¸ۣ��ȥ�꿪ʼ��߽��У�ţ��棬�ݽ��˽��ٳ��Ҵ��˾޴��ջ��Ǹ��ǽ��ʱ��֪��˽��ĺ��ӹ��ĵ��ʲô��ȱ�ٵ��ʲô��һ��ѣ��Ϊһ��Ϊ��д��Ķ�ͯ��ѧ��˵��ǵ��׸�дЩʲô��ôд��

�� Ҽǵ�һ��꼶��ѧ��ң��ʦ��˵��ƾ��ƶȶԽ��Ӱ��𣿡��ҺܳԾ��Ǵ��ʦ��⣿��Ǵ��ְֺ�� ⣿��Լ��飿��ѧ��˵��Լ��ʡ��˵��á��һش��㡣��й�Ӧ�Խ��ǿƾ��ƶȵķ��棬��Ӱ��ǵ�� ��ǣ��ı��𣿡�ѧ��ҡͷ��û��˵��Ҳû��ı䡣��Ρ��һ��ӳ��Ĺ��У��Խ��Խ�� Ρ��

��ߣ��ġ��һ��ڣ��ƪС˵��ݵĹ�ͷ��С�߰˵ܡ��͡��̸̸�⼸��С˵��д��̡�

�� ¸ۣ��ݵĹ�ͷ��ҶԱ��ͯ��׷Ѱ��Ҷ�ʮ��ǰд��Щ��ʱ��һ�ֲ��ɶ��Ƶļ��飬��һͷ��Ĺ�ţ��һ�� أ��ͻ�ҳ壬����棬ɱ��࣬��鲻�㡣��д��Щ��ʱ��ͻȻ��ͬ��ĸ��ܺ��̬��ô˵�ɣ��ȥ��ҿ��Ժ ��ļ��ѺͲ�⣬��ڿ��Զɽ��ӵ��Զɽ��ů��Ϧ��ԡ�

��С�߰˵ܡ��Ǻ��飬ÿ�궼ҪΪ��д��Ѿ�д�˾Ų��д��ʮ�� Ǿͻ��һ��ϵ�еĶ��С˵��д��Щ��С˵ʱ��ҿ��Դ��ֵ��У��߽��һ��״��磬�Һ��д��С˵��ʱ��ÿһ�졣Ǳ��ʶ ���ڱ��Լ��ؿ��Լ��ⲿ�ִ��ԡ�

��B

��ͯ��ѧҪ��

��ܹ��뺢��ǵ��

��ߣ��һ��ͯ��ѧ��Ʒ��ģ�ʲô��ʹ��ͯ��ѧ�Ĵ��

��¸ۣ��д�ĵ�һƪ��ͯС˵�ǡ��ɣ��顷��1983��ġ��Ϻ��ա��ϣ��ʮ�ꡣ��Ϊ��Ʒ��ȫ�ɺ��ͶƱ��ġ��Ʒ��ҴӴ˸��ͯ��ѧ��Ե��û��ٷ��һֱ��졣

�� Ʒ��Ա��Ϊ��ġ��Ǵӱ��ĳ��ģ��ճ��䡢һ��һľ��졣��չ�ֳ��ĺ��˵��ȫİ�� ĺ��ġ��д��ͯ��ѧ��ҲԴ��ϲ��¡�ÿ��ҽ��Լ��Ĺ��ʱ��ߵĺ��Ӿͻ�ɴ��۾��º��е��

��Ժ��˵��ͯ��ѧҪ��ܹ��ǵ��ġ�

��ߣ��ѳ��˽��ʮ��顣��һֱ��Ż��Ҳ��˺ܶ��ҵ��ɱ��ɡ�

�� ¸ۣ�ȷʵ��ġ��Ʒ��Ǿ��ӿ��ģ��ʵ��ġ��״̬��ʮ��ꡣȻ��ɬ�ڣ�Ҳ��Խ��ƣ��ڡ��Լ�� 2000�꣬�ҿ�ʼ�˻��С˵д��С˵��Ҵ��Ŀ��ٴν��˷��ڣ�д�˴��Ʒ��Ӧ��2008�굽��ڣ��ƽ��ڡ�� ڷ�˼��Һͱ��˵��Ʒ�У��н�Ϊ�侲��д��

��ߣ��Զ�ͯ��ѧ��״��δ��չ��ʲô��Ŀ��

��¸ۣ� ��һֱ��й��ͯ��ѧδ��޵��㽡�Ϊʲô��Ϊ�й��˶࣬δ��˶ࡣͬʱ��ǵ��࣬��Ḵ�ӡ��ǵ��Ҳ��У��ǳɳ�� ĺ��ӡ�һ��ҵĽ��ڼ��У�ͬ��һ��Ҳ��ڼ��г��Ƿ��û�еġ��й��Ķ�ͯ��ѧ��ڼ�֤��ּ��Ѻͽ��ߣ��һ ��ͯ��ѧ��ҳ��ǵ��ƷԽдԽ�ã��й��ʶ��뵽��ͯ��ѧ�ĳ��У��Ϊ��Ķ�ͯ��ѧ��